I think I have to add a callback for the LV_EVENT_DRAW_MAIN event on the chart object and then to rewrite the draw_div_lines from the chart to get this custom behaviour.
Yes you are on the right track, you can take inspiration from this example in the documentation here.
Also I posted an example last year here which may also be useful as a reference. Just beware there is a typo in the code the malloc(i_pnt); statements should be malloc(i_pnt+1);!